Tutorials Hut

  • Unix For Testers

       Introduction to Unix
       Unix System Architecture
       Unix File System Structure
       Absolute and Relative Path
       Basic Unix Commands
       cal command in Unix
       who command in Unix
       date command in Unix
       clear command in Unix
       more command in Unix
       whoami command in Unix
       uname command in Unix
       man command in Unix
       echo command in Unix
       Unix File System Commands
       ls command in Unix
       cat command in Unix
       cp command in Unix
       mv command in Unix
       pwd command in Unix
       cd command in Unix
       mkdir command in Unix
       rmdir command in Unix
       rm command in Unix
       touch command in Unix
       dirname command in Unix
       tar command in Unix
       Unix Links(ln)
       Hard Link
       Soft Link
       Regular Expressions
        Basic Regular Expressions
       Interval Regular Expressions
       Pipes and Filters
       Unix Text Processing Commands
       cmp command in Unix
       diff command in Unix
       comm command in Unix
       cut command in Unix
       Paste command in Unix
       head command in Unix
       tail command in Unix
       wc command in Unix
       sort command in Unix
       grep command in Unix
       Process Related Command
       top command in Unix
       ps command in Unix
       nice command in Unix
       Kill command in Unix
       nohup command in Unix
       time command in Unix
       File Tranfer Commands in Unix
       file transfer using scp command
       file transfer using rlogin command
       file transfer using telnet command
       ssh(Secure Shell) command in Unix
       ftp file transfer command
       sftp file transfer command
       chmod command in Unix
       File Permission and File Security in Unix



  • Text Processing Unix Commands

    Text processing Unix commands are those affecting text and text files. For example, commands like cut, paste, cmp, sort, comm, head, tail, wc, diff, grep are few in the list. While editing files, you may lose track of what changes you have made to which files.

    In this article, we will cover commands that compare files.

    cmp command in Unix

    • Compare 2 files byte by byte.
    • It is mostly useful for scripts as it only reports whether the files are different or not.
    • Helps to find out whether the two files are identical or not.

    When cmp is used for comparison between two files, it reports the location of the first mismatch to the screen if difference is found and if no difference is found i.e the files compared are identical. cmp displays no message and simply returns the prompt if the files compared are identical.

    SYNTAX:
    cmp [OPTION] file1 file2

    Options can be:

    -c :Output differing bytes as characters. -i N :Ignore differences in the first N bytes of input. -l : Write the byte number (decimal) and the differing bytes (octal) for each difference. -s : Write nothing for differing files; return exit statuses only. -v : Output version info

    Example 1: lets consider two files :

    $ cat file1.txt
    My name is Mohan
    $ cat file2.txt
    My name is Mohit

    1. Compare file1 to file2 and outputs results

    $ cmp file1.txt file2.txt
    OUTPUT:  file1.txt file2.txt differ: byte 15, line 1

    2. Skip same number of initial bytes from both input files

    $ cmp -i 3 file1.txt file2.txt 
    file1.txt file2.txt differ: byte 12, line 1

    So we see that the initial 3 bytes were skipped

    Example 2:

    $ cat file1.txt
    My name is Mira
    $ cat file2.txt
    My name is Mira
    $cmp file1.txt file2.txt
    $ _

    /*indicating that the files are identical*/

    diff command in Unix

        • Reports the differences between files.
        • Compares files line by line.
        • It is useful when record level differences are to be traced.
        • Tells which lines in one file have to be changed to make the two files identical.
        • If the files match, no output is produced.
        • diff uses certain special symbols and instructions that are required to make two files identical

    Special symbols are:

        • a : add
        • c : change
        • d : delete
    SYNTAX:
    diff [option...] file1 file2

    Options

    Use

               -i

    Ignores the case differences

    -c

    Compares two program code differences

    -q 

    Reports whether file differ or not

    Example:

    $cat  test1.txt
    sam
    sam
    Tom
    Tom
    Tom
    $cat test2.txt
    Tom
    Tom
    Tom
    Tom
    Tom
    $diff test1.txt test2.txt
    Output:
    1,2c1,2
    < sam
    < sam
    —
    >
    > Tom

    The output 1,2c1 means that the lines from 1,2 in the first file need to be changed to match the line number 1 in the second file.  Lines preceded by ‘<‘ are lines from the first file.  Lines preceded by ‘>’ are lines from the second file.

    comm command in Unix

          • Compares 2 sorted files line by line
          • Produces 3 column output when no Options are passed.
          • Column 1 contains line unique to first file
          • Column 2 contains line unique to second file
          • Column 3 contains line common to both files
    Text Processing Unix Commands: comm command in Unix
    SYNTAX:
    $ comm file1 file2

    Options

    Use

    -1

    does not print column 1 (lines unique to file 1)

    -2

    does not print column 2 (lines unique to file 2) 

    -3

    does not print column 3 (lines common to both files)

    –check-order

    Verify files are in sorted order

    –nocheck-order

    Ignore even if files are not in sorted order

    Example:

    $ cat  test1.txt
    sam
    sam
    Tom
    Tom
    Tom
    $ cat test2.txt
    Tommy
    Tommy
    Tom
    Tom
    Tom
    $ comm test1.txt test2.txt
    sam
    sam
                    Tommy
                    Tommy
                                      Tom
                                      Tom
                                      Tom

    The output of comm command produces 3 columns.
    1. First contains data specific to test1.txt
    2. Second contains data specific to test2.txt
    3. Third contains lines common to both the file

    For more details on file comparison in Unix refer here

    Recommended Articles:



  • Unix For Testers

       Introduction to Unix
       Unix System Architecture
       Unix File System Structure
       Absolute and Relative Path
       Basic Unix Commands
       cal command in Unix
       who command in Unix
       date command in Unix
       clear command in Unix
       more command in Unix
       whoami command in Unix
       uname command in Unix
       man command in Unix
       echo command in Unix
       Unix File System Commands
       ls command in Unix
       cat command in Unix
       cp command in Unix
       mv command in Unix
       pwd command in Unix
       cd command in Unix
       mkdir command in Unix
       rmdir command in Unix
       rm command in Unix
       touch command in Unix
       dirname command in Unix
       tar command in Unix
       Unix Links(ln)
       Hard Link
       Soft Link
       Regular Expressions
        Basic Regular Expressions
       Interval Regular Expressions
       Pipes and Filters
       Unix Text Processing Commands
       cmp command in Unix
       diff command in Unix
       comm command in Unix
       cut command in Unix
       Paste command in Unix
       head command in Unix
       tail command in Unix
       wc command in Unix
       sort command in Unix
       grep command in Unix
       Process Related Command
       top command in Unix
       ps command in Unix
       nice command in Unix
       Kill command in Unix
       nohup command in Unix
       time command in Unix
       File Tranfer Commands in Unix
       file transfer using scp command
       file transfer using rlogin command
       file transfer using telnet command
       ssh(Secure Shell) command in Unix
       ftp file transfer command
       sftp file transfer command
       chmod command in Unix
       File Permission and File Security in Unix













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