Java Collections 

Methods of collection Interface

Iterable Interface

This is the top most interface in the collection. It has iterator(), forEach() and spliterator() methods.

Source code of Iterable:

public interface Iterable<T> {
/**
  * Returns an iterator over elements of type {@code T}.
  *
  * @return an Iterator.
  */
Iterator<T> iterator();
    // java 1.8 onwards
  default void forEach(Consumer<? super T> action) {
    Objects.requireNonNull(action);
    for (T t : this) {
        action.accept(t);
    }
}
// Java 1.8 onwards
default Spliterator<T> spliterator() {
    return Spliterators.spliteratorUnknownSize(iterator(), 0);
}
}

List Interface

List interface provides base of List data structure. It is further implemented by different list type of classes.

Example:

1. List list = new ArrayList();  
2. List linkedList  = new LinkedList(); 
3. List vector  = new Vector();  
4. List  stack = new Stack();

ArrayList In Java

ArrayList is a class in java which implements List interface.

Example:

import java.util.*; 
class ListExamples{ 
public static void main(String args[]){
//create list
ArrayList<String> list=new ArrayList<String>();
//add elemennts in list
list.add("Tom"); 
list.add("Bob"); 
Iterator itr=list.iterator(); 
while(itr.hasNext()){ 
System.out.println(itr.next()); 
} 
}
}

Output

Tom
Bob

LinkedList

Linked list is a class which implements List interface and provides features like a linked list data structure where each element is linked to another element.

Example:

import java.util.*; 
class ListExamples{ 
public static void main(String args[]){
//create list
LinkedList<String> list=new LinkedList<String>();
//add elements in list
list.add("Tom"); 
list.add("Jerry"); 
Iterator itr=list.iterator(); 
while(itr.hasNext()){ 
System.out.println(itr.next()); 
} 
}
}

Output:

Tom
Jerry

Vector

It is similar to list but synchronized which means safe from threads but may become slow in terms of performance.

Example:

import java.util.*;

class MyCollections{
public static void main(String args[]){
    //create vector
    Vector<String> list=new Vector<String>();

    //add elements in vector
    list.add("Tom");
     list.add("Bob");

    Iterator itr=list.iterator();
    while(itr.hasNext()){
        System.out.println(itr.next());
    }
}
}

Output:

Tom
Bob

Stack

Stack is similar to list but it is LIFO type which means last in first out.

Example:

import java.util.*;

public class MyCollections{
public static void main(String args[]){
    Stack stack = new Stack<String>();
    stack.push("Tom");
     stack.push("Rom");

    String firstOut = stack.pop().toString();
    System.out.println("Removed element: "+firstOut);

    stack.push("Jerry");
    Iterator<String> itr=stack.iterator();
    while(itr.hasNext()){
        System.out.println(itr.next());
    }
}
} 

Output:

Removed element: Rom
Tom
Jerry

Queue Interface

Queue interface is similar to list but it maintains order of first in first out (FIFO), which means element which inserted first will be removed or go out first

Example:

Queue<String>  pQueue = new PriorityQueue();  
Queue<String> dQueue = new ArrayDeque();  

Priority Queue

It compares the elements and does operations based on priority.

Example:

import java.util.*;

public class MyCollections{
public static void main(String args[]){
    PriorityQueue<String> queue=new PriorityQueue<String>();
    queue.add("A");
    queue.add("B");
    queue.add("C");
    queue.add("E");
    queue.add("D");

    System.out.println("element:"+queue.element());
    System.out.println("peek:"+queue.peek());
    System.out.println("iterating the queue elements:");

    Iterator itr=queue.iterator();
    while(itr.hasNext()){
        System.out.println(itr.next());
     }

    queue.remove();
    queue.poll();
    System.out.println("after removing 1 elements:");
    Iterator<String> itr2=queue.iterator();
    while(itr2.hasNext()) {
        System.out.println(itr2.next());
    }
}

Output

element:A
peek:A
iterating the queue elements:
A
B
C
E
D
after removing 1 elements:
C
D

Deque Interface and ArrayDeque

Deque or doubly queue is a queue in which we can perform operations from both ends of the queue. ArrayDeque is an implementation of the Deque interface.

Example:

import java.util.*;

public class MyCollections2{
public static void main(String args[]){
  Deque<String> queue=new ArrayDeque<>();
    queue.add("D");
    queue.add("B");
    queue.add("C");
    queue.add("E");
    queue.add("A");

    queue.addFirst("G"); // ADD at first
    System.out.println("element:"+queue.element());
    System.out.println("peek:"+queue.peek());
    System.out.println("iterating the queue elements:");

    Iterator itr=queue.iterator();
    while(itr.hasNext()){
        System.out.println(itr.next());
     }

    queue.remove(); //removes at first
    queue.removeLast(); //removes last
    queue.poll();

    System.out.println("after removing 3 elements:");
    Iterator<String> itr2=queue.iterator();
    while(itr2.hasNext()) {
      System.out.println(itr2.next());
    }
}
} 

Output

element:G
peek:G
iterating the queue elements:
G
D
B
C
E
A
after removing 2 elements:
B
C
E

Set Interface and HashSet

It provides structure of real life set data structure, HashSet and other implement Set interface, set contains unique value.

Set Example:

Set<data-type> hashSet = new HashSet<data-type>();  
Set<data-type> linkedHashSet = new LinkedHashSet<data-type>();  
Set<data-type> treeSet = new TreeSet<data-type>();  

HasSet is a class which implements Set interface and contains unique values.

HashSet Example:

import java.util.*;
public class SetExample{
public static void main(String args[]){
    Set<String> hashSet=new HashSet<String>();
    hashSet.add("D");
    hashSet.add("B");
    hashSet.add("C");

    hashSet.remove("C"); //removes a
     System.out.println("after removing 3 elements:");

    Iterator<String> itr=hashSet.iterator();
    while(itr.hasNext()) {
        System.out.println(itr.next());
    }
}
} 

Output

B
D

LinkedHashSet

LinkedHashSet is similar to LinkedList but an implementation of set.

Example:

import java.util.*;
public class SetExample{
public static void main(String args[]){
     Set<String> hashSet=new LinkedHashSet<String>();

    hashSet.add("D");
    hashSet.add("B");
    hashSet.add("C");
    hashSet.remove("C"); //removes C

    Iterator<String> itr=hashSet.iterator();
    while(itr.hasNext()) {
        System.out.println(itr.next());
    }
}
} 

Output

B
D

SortedSet Interface and TreeSet Class

SortedSet interface is similar to set interface, by default all elements are sorted in ascending(increasing) order.

TreeSet class implements SortedSet interface.

Example of SortedSet Interface

SortedSet<String> hashSet = new TreeSet<>();

Example:

import java.util.*;
public class SetExample{
public static void main(String args[]){

    SortedSet<String> hashSet = new TreeSet<>();
    hashSet.add("B");
    hashSet.add("C");
    hashSet.add("Z");
    hashSet.add("A");
    hashSet.add("A");
    hashSet.remove("C"); //removes a

    Iterator<String> itr=hashSet.iterator();
    while(itr.hasNext()) {
        System.out.println(itr.next());
    }
}
} 

Output

A
B
Z

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